Testis Cancer
Testis cancer is a type of cancer that occurs in the testicles, which are part of the male reproductive system. Testicles are located in the scrotum, a loose bag of skin beneath the penis. They are responsible for producing male sex hormones and sperm. Testis cancer is relatively rare, but it is the most common cancer in young men aged 15-35.
Early detection of testis cancer is crucial, as it is highly treatable, even when it has spread beyond the testicle. Advances in medical treatments have significantly improved survival rates, and ongoing research continues to provide better outcomes for patients diagnosed with testis cancer.
Testis cancer typically begins in the germ cells, which are the cells responsible for producing sperm. These germ cell tumours can be further classified into seminomas and non-seminomas, each with different characteristics and treatment approaches. Seminomas tend to grow slowly and respond well to radiation therapy, while non-seminomas grow more quickly and may require more aggressive treatment.
Table of Contents
Symptoms
Common Symptoms
- Lump or Swelling in the Testicle: A painless lump in a testicle is often the first noticeable symptom of testis cancer. Some men may experience a sensation of heaviness in the scrotum. The lump may vary in size, and it is important to monitor any changes over time.
- Pain or Discomfort: Some individuals experience pain in the testicle or scrotum, which can vary from a dull ache to sharp pain. This discomfort may also extend to the lower abdomen or groin area.
- Back Pain: In advanced cases, back pain can occur due to the spread of cancer to lymph nodes in the abdominal area. This is often accompanied by a feeling of pressure or a dull ache in the lower back.
- Changes in Testicular Size: Changes in the size or shape of the testicles, including enlargement or shrinking, may be a symptom. It is important to regularly check for any asymmetry between the testicles.
- Breast Enlargement: Rarely, hormonal changes may cause breast enlargement or tenderness in males. This condition, known as gynecomastia, occurs due to the production of hormones by certain types of testis tumours.
Additional Symptoms
- Sudden Fluid Accumulation in the Scrotum: A rapid buildup of fluid around the testicle, known as a hydrocele, can also be a sign of testis cancer.
- Fatigue and General Malaise: In some cases, individuals may experience fatigue, a general feeling of being unwell, or unexplained weight loss. These symptoms may indicate that the cancer has spread to other parts of the body.
When to See a Doctor
If you notice any lump, swelling, or persistent pain in your testicles, it’s essential to see a doctor as soon as possible. Early detection significantly increases the likelihood of successful treatment. Regular self-examinations can help identify any unusual changes early, allowing for prompt medical evaluation and intervention.
Causes
The exact cause of testis cancer remains unknown, but several factors may increase the risk of developing this type of cancer. Research suggests that genetic mutations and environmental factors may play a role in the development of testis cancer.
Risk Factors
- Undescended Testicle (Cryptorchidism): Men with a history of an undescended testicle have a higher risk of developing testis cancer. This risk remains elevated even if surgery was performed to correct the condition.
- Family History: A family history of testis cancer increases the likelihood of occurrence. If a father or brother has had testis cancer, the risk is higher.
- Age: Testis cancer primarily affects young men between 15 and 35, but it can occur at any age. It is important for men of all ages to be aware of the symptoms and perform regular self-examinations.
- Race and Ethnicity: White men are more likely to develop testis cancer compared to men of other races. The reasons for this disparity are not entirely understood, but genetic and environmental factors may contribute.
- Previous Testis Cancer: Men who have previously had testis cancer are at an increased risk of developing cancer in the other testicle.
Prevention
Currently, there is no known way to prevent testis cancer. However, performing regular testicular self-examinations may help detect changes early. Early detection is key to successful treatment, and men are encouraged to be proactive about their health.
Self-Examination Tips
- Perform Monthly: Conduct a self-examination once a month, ideally after a warm shower or bath when the scrotum is relaxed. This makes it easier to feel for any abnormalities.
- Check for Changes: Gently feel each testicle, checking for any lumps, swelling, or changes in size. Use both hands, placing your index and middle fingers underneath the testicle and your thumbs on top. Roll the testicle gently between your fingers to feel for any irregularities.
- Normal Variations: It is normal for one testicle to be slightly larger or hang lower than the other. The epididymis, a soft, tube-like structure behind the testicle, is also a normal part of the anatomy.
Get in Touch
Get in touch with us today! Our dedicated team is here to assist you with any questions or concerns you may have. We encourage you to reach out to us via email, phone, or by filling out our convenient online form. Your inquiries are important to us, and we look forward to providing you with the support you need.
Resources
What you can do next with healthXY
Book an Appointment
Schedule a consultation with our specialists and start your health journey today.
Explore FAQs
Find answers to common questions about our services and appointment process.