At healthxy, we believe that understanding medical interventions is crucial for making well-informed decisions about your health. One such intervention is the suprapubic catheter, a device used to drain urine directly from the bladder through a small incision in the abdomen. In this blog post, we will discuss what suprapubic catheters are, why they are used, how they are placed, and best practices for care and maintenance.
What is a Suprapubic Catheter?
A suprapubic catheter is a thin, flexible tube inserted through the lower abdomen into the bladder to remove urine. Unlike urethral catheters, which pass through the urethra, suprapubic catheters bypass the urethra entirely. This method may help reduce certain complications associated with long-term urethral catheter use, such as discomfort or frequent infections.
According to research published by the National Institutes of Health (NIH), suprapubic catheters are often recommended when urethral catheterisation is not possible or advisable. They can be utilised temporarily or on a long-term basis, depending on your underlying medical condition.
Why Are Suprapubic Catheters Used?
Suprapubic catheters are typically prescribed for various reasons, including:
- Urinary Retention
Individuals who cannot empty their bladder naturally may need a suprapubic catheter to ensure efficient and complete drainage of urine. - Obstruction or Injury
Certain conditions, such as an enlarged prostate or injuries to the lower urinary tract, can obstruct urine flow. In these cases, bypassing the urethra may be the safest option. - Long-Term Catheter Use
If someone requires a catheter for an extended period, healthcare providers may opt for a suprapubic catheter to reduce the risk of complications like urethral damage or persistent infections. - Post-Surgical Recovery
After certain surgeries, particularly those involving the pelvic area, a suprapubic catheter might be placed to help the bladder heal without interference from a urethral catheter.
The Insertion Procedure
Before insertion, a healthcare professional will perform a thorough examination to confirm that you are a suitable candidate for a suprapubic catheter. Tests such as ultrasound or cystoscopy may be conducted to assess bladder health and positioning.
During the Procedure
- Local Anaesthesia
The area where the catheter will be inserted is numbed with a local anaesthetic. In some cases, mild sedation or spinal anaesthesia may be administered. - Incision and Placement
A small incision is made in the lower abdomen, just above the pubic bone. A trocar or needle is then used to guide the catheter into the bladder. - Securing the Catheter
Once in place, the catheter is typically secured with sutures or adhesive devices to prevent accidental dislodgement. - Testing and Confirmation
After placement, your healthcare provider will check for proper urine flow and may use imaging to confirm that the catheter is correctly positioned.
Potential Benefits
- Reduced Risk of Urethral Trauma
By bypassing the urethra, patients can avoid irritation or damage to urethral tissues, which is particularly beneficial for those who need long-term catheterisation. - Enhanced Comfort and Mobility
Many patients find a suprapubic catheter more comfortable than a urethral catheter. It also makes it simpler to carry out daily activities and maintain personal hygiene. - Lower Infection Rates
Although any catheter can heighten the risk of infection, some research indicates that suprapubic catheters may be linked to fewer urinary tract infections compared to long-term urethral catheters. For further information, see the studies referenced by the American Urological Association.
Possible Risks and Side Effects
As with any medical procedure, suprapubic catheter insertion carries potential risks:
- Infection
While the risk may be lower than with urethral catheters, there remains a possibility of bladder or skin infection at the insertion site. - Leakage
Urine may leak around the catheter site, causing skin irritation. - Dislodgement
If the catheter is not secured properly, it could become dislodged, potentially requiring another procedure to reposition it. - Blockage
Catheters can become blocked with sediment or blood clots, leading to inadequate urine drainage.
Maintenance and Care
Proper maintenance is vital to reduce complications and prolong the catheter’s lifespan:
- Daily Cleaning
Gently cleanse the skin around the catheter site using mild soap and water. Ensure the area is patted dry to prevent irritation. - Regular Bag Emptying
Empty the urine collection bag before it becomes too full. This helps reduce strain on the catheter and minimises leakage or backflow. - Changing the Catheter
Follow your healthcare provider’s advice regarding how often the catheter should be changed. Many people require a change every 4–6 weeks, but this can vary based on individual needs. - Monitoring for Signs of Infection
Look out for redness, swelling, pain, or unusual discharge at the catheter site. If you spot any concerning symptoms, contact your healthcare provider without delay.
Research and Resources
If you are looking for more in-depth information on suprapubic catheters, the following resources are excellent places to start:
These organisations routinely publish guidelines and research to assist patients and carers in making informed choices.
Final Thoughts
Suprapubic catheters can be life-changing for individuals with urinary retention, complex pelvic injuries, or those who require prolonged catheter use. By understanding their purpose, insertion process, and maintenance routines, you can face this medical intervention with more confidence. At healthxy, our mission is to provide reliable, up-to-date information so that you can navigate your healthcare journey more effectively. If you have any concerns or queries about suprapubic catheters, speak with your healthcare provider for personalised guidance.